4.19 Variable functions: is_callable(), call_user_func() and call_user_func_array()This is NOT the latest copy of this book; click here for the latest version.
bool is_callable ( mixed function_name [, bool syntax_only [, string callable_name]])
mixed call_user_func ( callback function [, mixed parameter [, mixed ...]])
mixed call_user_func_array ( callback function [, array parameters])
As you have seen already, PHP has variable variables so it is not surprising we have variable functions. This particular piece of clever functionality allows you to write code like this:
<?php
$func = "sqrt";
print $func(49);
?>
PHP sees that you are calling a function using a variable, looks up the value of the variable, then calls the matching function. The code above will therefore return 7 - the square root of 49.
As variable functions are quite unusual and also easy to get wrong, there is a special PHP function, is_callable(), that takes a string as its only parameter and returns true if that string contains a function name that can be called using a variable function. Thus, our script becomes this:
<?php
$func = "sqrt";
if (is_callable($func)) {
print $func(49);
}
?>
As an alternative to variable functions, you can use call_user_func() and call_user_func_array(), which take the function to call as their first parameter. The difference between the two is that call_user_func() takes the parameters to pass into the variable function as multiple parameters to itself, whereas call_user_func_array() takes an array of parameters as its second parameter.
This next script demonstrates both of these two performing a functionally similar operation, replacing "monkeys" with "giraffes" in a sentence using str_replace():
<?php
$func = "str_replace";
$output_single = call_user_func($func, "monkeys", "giraffes", "Hundreds and thousands of monkeys\n");
$params = array("monkeys", "giraffes", "Hundreds and thousands of monkeys\n");
$output_array = call_user_func_array($func, $params);
echo $output_single;
echo $output_array;
?>
Although call_user_func() is essentially the same as using a variable function, call_user_func_array() is very helpful for functions that have complex and variable parameter requirements. One popular application for variable functions is to allow other developers using your code to register callbacks - they pass in the name of the function they want your code to call, then you can use call_user_func() to execute that.
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